Chapter 6 - Bibliography

Carroll, D. J., D. Albay, M. Terasaki, L. A. Jaffe and K. R. Foltz. 1999. Identification of PLC gamma-dependent and -independent events during fertilization of sea urchin eggs. Dev. Biol. 206: 232–247. This paper sorts out which events of fertilization are caused by the rise in calcium within the egg due to activation of the PIP cycle. These include the cortical granule reaction, the intracellular rise in pH, MAP kinase dephosphorylation, DNA synthesis, and the onset of cleavage.

Costello, D. P., M. E. Davidson, A. Eggers, M. H. Fox and C. Henley. 1957. Methods for Obtaining and Handling Marine Eggs and Embryos. Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA. This superb book, now out of print, is worth its weight in platinum to any marine invertebrate embryologist. For each species covered, descriptions are given of where and when to collect the animals, how to obtain gametes, and how to culture the embryos.

Czihak, G. (ed.). 1975. The Sea Urchin Embryo: Biochemistry and Morphogenesis. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. This is now a classic, a rich collection of papers on sea urchin development.

Ernst, S. G. 1997. A century of sea urchin development. Amer. Zool. 37: 250–259. A beautiful summary of the early research on sea urchins, including a short analysis of some of E. E. Just’s contributions.

Epel, D. 1977. The program of fertilization. Sci. Amer. 237(5): 128–138. This article, though now somewhat dated, is a beautifully illustrated, clearly written explanation of fertilization in sea urchins. It is well worth getting from Scientific American Offprints.

Foltz, K. R., 1995. Gamete recognition and egg activation in sea urchins. Amer. Zool. 35: 381–390. This is an excellent summary of fertilization in sea urchins.

Harvey, E. B. 1956. The American Arbacia and Other Sea Urchins. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ. This tome, written by Ethel Harvey at a time when few women were allowed to succeed in science, is an extremely precise, exhaustive compilation of information on Arbacia. Her photographs of development are among the most complete to be had.

Karnofsky, D. A. and E. B. Simmel. 1963. Effects of growth inhibiting chemicals on the sand dollar embryos Echinarachnius parma. Prog. Exp. Tumor Res. 3: 254–295. An excellent description of sand dollar development, this paper, found unexpectedly in a journal on tumor research, illustrates how grant money for medical research still can be utilized for studying normal development.

Manning, K. 1983. Black Apollo of Science: The Life of Ernest Everett Just. Oxford University Press, New York. A compassionate biography of an outstanding embryologist. It is E. E. Just who wrote, “We feel the beauty of Nature because we are part of Nature and because we know that however much in our separate domains we abstract from the unity of Nature, this unity remains.” This biography of Just reminds us that scientists should always see the beauty of the whole that binds together the parts that we dissect.

Pearse, J. S. and R. A. Cameron. 1991. Echinodermata: Echinoidea. In A. C. Giese, J. S. Pearse and V. B. Pearse (eds.), Reproduction of Marine Invertebrates. Volume VI: Echinoderms and Lophophorates. Boxwood Press, Pacific Grove, CA, pp. 513– 662. This series on invertebrate reproduction is an astonishing collection of information. The chapter on echinoids gives tables of spawning times for a long list of species and provides an excellent summary echinoid development.

Sherwood, D. R. and D. R. McClay. 1999. LvNotch signaling mediates secondary mesenchyme specification in the sea urchin embryo. Development 126: 1703– 1713. The work of David McClay and his collaborators is an excellent example of how to combine old-fashioned observation with modern molecular techniques. Their work has made significant advances in our understanding of gastrulation. This paper summarizes a portion of that work.

Strathmann, M. F. 1987. Reproduction and Development of Marine Invertebrates of the Northern Pacific Coast: Data and Methods for the Study of Eggs, Embryos, and Larvae. University of Washington Press, Seattle. This extremely useful volume is the modern version for the Pacific coast of the classic volume for the Atlantic coast by Costello et al. (cited above).

Stricker, S. A. 1999. Comparative biology of calcium signaling during fertilization and egg activation in animals. Dev. Bio. 211: 157–176. This gives a concise review of what is known about the role of calcium in fertilization in all groups of metazoans studied so far.

Wessel, G. M. and A. Wikramanayake. 1999. How to grow a gut: ontogeny of the endoderm in the sea urchin embryo. BioEssays 21: 459–471. A well-written summary of gastrulation movements in the sea urchin and the mechanisms of these movements, this review also covers a great deal of the history of this field.

Wilt, F. H. and N. K. Wessells (eds.). 1967. Methods in Developmental Biology. Thomas Y. Crowell, New York. This is one of my favorite techniques books in developmental biology. For every species covered, it has a wealth of information in a compact space. If you ever see it on a “for sale” list, don’t let it slip away.

Wray, G. A. and D. R. McClay. 1989. Molecular heterochronies and heterotopies in early echinoid development. Evolution 43: 803–813. The study of evolution and embryology should be inexorably linked but seldom are. This concise paper shows how the study of development can advance our understanding of evolution.

Vacquier V. D. and G. W. Moy. 1997. The fucose sulfate polymer of egg jelly binds to sperm REJ and is the inducer of the sea urchin sperm acrosome reaction. Dev. Biol. 192: 125–135. This paper discusses methods for dejellying sea urchin eggs in addition to reconfirming that a fucose-containing polysaccharide activates the acrosome reaction in the sea urchin sperm.